Risk factors of prostate cancer in urban Qingdao: a case-control study / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the risk factors of prostate cancer in urban Qingdao and provide some theoretical evidence for the scientific prevention and treatment of the disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We performed a hospital-based matched case-control study in Qingdao Municipal Hospital. The cases and controls were matched in age, gender, nationality and the place of residence. All the subjects were interviewed face to face in the hospital using a questionnaire, and the data analyzed by the conditional logistic regression method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to the 258 valid questionnaires collected, the prostate cancer risk was significantly higher in the cases with a family history of cancer than in those without (OR = 2.58), and so was it in the men with the first spermatorrhea at the age of < or = 15 years than in those at the age of > or = 18 years (OR = 2.27). A decreased risk of prostate cancer was found among the men with the first experience of sexual intercourse between 25 to 30 years of age (OR = 0.76). An increased risk was shown in those with sexual intercourses > or = 4 times per week before 35 years old (OR = 2.57), masturbations > or = 3 times per week (OR = 2.30) and a drinking history (alcohol > or = 150 g/d) of > or = 10 years (OR = 2.83).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Positive family history of cancer, earlier age of the first spermatorrhea, sexual intercourses > or = 4 times per week before 35 years old, frequent masturbations, and heavy drinking for more than 10 years are risk factors for prostate cancer.</p>

Retroperitoneal laparoscopy combined with urethral resection for treatment of renal pelvic carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study is to explore the operation method and efficacy through retroperitoneal laparoscopy combined with urethral resection for treatment of renal pelvic carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total nephroureterectomy with excision of bladder cuff by retroperitoneal laparoscopy plus urethral resection was performed in 18 patients with pathologically confirmed pelvic transitional cell carcinoma (II-III, T1N0M0-T2N0M0). The operation was performed using Olympus celioscope (30 degrees or 0 degree) under general anesthesia. First, a 10 mm incision was made at the intersection of midaxillary line and superior border 2 cm from crista iliaca, then a self-made hyponome filled with 250-300 ml water was put through the small incision in order to open the retroperitoneal space, followed by getting the hyponome out and perfusing CO2 into the retroperitoneal space to make a pneumoretroperitoneum. Finally, the celioscope was put into the retroperitoneal space to operate. During the operation, electric coagulation was used to stop bleeding and the bladder was not irrigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operation was successfully performed in 18 patients without any complication. The operative time ranged from 150 to 190 min with a mean of 160 min. The hospital stay after operation was 7 to 10 days. There was no tumor recurrence or metastasis or implantation in all these patients after follow-up of 1-19 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with regular operation mode, retroperitoneal laparoscopy plus urethral resection for treatment of renal pelvic carcinoma is a minimally invasive treatment with less bleeding and quick recovery.</p>